Resources

Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere - Biography

2010-12-08T16:30:00+00:00

Julius Kambarage Nyerere (April 13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) was President of Tanzania (previously Tanganyika), from the country's founding in 1964, until his retirement in 1985. Born in Tanganyika to a local Zanaki chief called Nyerere Burito, Julius Nyerere was known by the Swahili name Mwalimu, or "teacher," because of his profession before becoming active in politics. Nyerere was the first African head of state to retire voluntarily. He stepped down because he realized that his socialist policies of communal ownership of farms and state ownership of services were not working.

Under his Presidency, Tanzania slipped from being the largest exporter of food in Africa to the biggest importer of food. However, he made no attempt to cling to power or to influence his successors, who restored capitalism. Nyerere had wanted to make Tanzania self-reliant, free from indebtedness to former colonial powers or to the West. Like other leaders of former colonies, he saw colonialism and capitalism as responsible for the subjugation of their people.…

Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation

2010-12-08T16:29:00+00:00

The Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation was established in 1996 by Mwalimu Nyerere to promote his legacy of peace, unity, and people-centered development. The foundation seeks to monitor public and private institutions and seek strategies to uphold his ideals of integrity, equality, and the rule of law in East Africa and beyond.

The Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation aims to build Africa's first presidential library and educational resource center while developing itself into the leading policy research institute in East Africa. The Foundation will serve as a crossroads between government, academia, and civil society, seeking effective solutions to ongoing problems and pursuing their implementation. As such the Foundation is something more than a think tank, but also a center for peace negotiation, citizen outreach, and political pressure.

It is this non-aligned engagement in the political process that sets the Mwalimu Nyerere Foundation apart from most other NGO's. The challenges for East Africa today are largely political in nature. An influential viewpoint…

Nyerere’s Nationalist Legacy

2010-12-08T16:25:00+00:00

Issa G. Shivji writes of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere's conceptions of nationalism in Africa, ideas which encompassed both the political through liberatory principles and the universal through transcending narrow identities. Debates around the economic success of his policies notwithstanding, Nyerere's greatest legacy, Shivji writes, was his sweeping vision of African unity.

Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere was a great nationalist of the first generation of African leaders who struggled for independence. His nationalism was rooted in pan-Africanism, which is what gave it a universal dimension transcending narrow territorial, ethnic or racial nationalisms. In his address to celebrate the 40th year of Ghana's independence, Nyerere said:

'For centuries, we had been oppressed and humiliated as Africans. We were hunted and enslaved as Africans, and we were colonised as Africans' Since we were humiliated as Africans, we had to be liberated as Africans.'

This way of conceptualising nationalism is both political and universal.…

Tribute to Julius Kambarage Nyerere

2010-12-08T16:23:00+00:00

Nyerere was one of the few tall trees that stood in the midst of a vast African jungle; an educator, a Mwalimu in the literal and figurative sense of the word; a statesman and a brilliant writer; an astute diplomat and a relentless fighter; simple yet a profound political persona, and above all, a humanist endowed with the highest moral sensibility.

Throughout his entire political career, Nyerere fought for the welfare of the Tanzanian people, struggled for African unity and advocated for the diginity and human rights of oppressed peoples all over the world.

Tanzania under Nyerere was a socialist nation inspired by social equality on Africa's traditional commuanl foundation, hence African socialism. The official manifesto for African socialism, with heavy dosage of Self-reliance, was the Arusha Declaration of February 1967 drawn up by Nyerere himself. Nyerere was not alone in promulugating the socialist doctrine or propounding the notions of an egalitarian society; he was accompanied by Nkrumah, BenBella, Sekou Toure, Modibo Keita etc. All African…

Mwalimu Nyerere on Wildlife Conservation

2010-12-08T16:12:00+00:00

"The survival of our wildlife is a matter of grave concern to all of us in Africa. These wild creatures amid the wild places they inhabit are not only important as a source of wonder and inspiration, but are an integral part of our natural resources and our future livelihood and well being. In accepting the trusteeship of our wildlife we solemnly declare that we will do everything in our power to make sure that our children's grand-children will be able to enjoy this rich and precious inheritance.

The conservation of wildlife and wild places calls for specialist knowledge, trained manpower and money, and we look to other nations to co-operate with us in this important task - the success or failure of which not only affects the continent of Africa but the rest of the world as well."
Julius K. Nyerere, Arusha Manifesto, 1961

Nyerere's philosophy to protect and cherish Tanzania's spectacular wildlife as a prime national heritage is expressed in the high priority the Tanzanian government has given to conservation…

Philosophy of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere

2010-12-08T16:07:00+00:00

"There must be equality because only on this basis will men work cooperatively. There must be freedom because every individual is not served by the society unless it is his. And there must be unity, because only when the society is united can its members live and work in peace, security and well-being. Society must have institutions which safeguard and promote both unity and freedom and it must be permeated by an attitude' society ethic' which ensures that these institutions remain true to their purpose, and are adapted as need arises."
-Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere

With a humble bearing and an incisive mind, Julius Nyerere was the conscience of post-colonial Africa and its strategic leader. Facing the enormous challenges of political and economic development in a rapidly growing but unlettered population, Nyerere sought to build a new nation based on the best principles of European and African thought. Just as it did for the American revolutionary generation, independence represented a unique point in history, and the opportunity to build a new…

Honoraries and Award

2010-10-28T10:00:00+00:00

As a result of his good work, different institutions and universities honored Mwalimu Nyerere to mark his contributions to Tanzania, Africa, developing countries and the entire world.

Honorary Degrees and Awards

He received honorary degrees from the following:
1. University of Edinburgh (United Kingdom)

2. University of Dugueshe (United States of America)

3. Cairo University (Egypt)

4. University of Nsukka (Nigeria)

5. University of Ibadan (Nigeria)

6. University of Monrovia (Liberia)

7. Toronto University (Canada)

8. Havard University (United States of America)

9. Howard University (United States of America)

10. Ljubliana (Yugoslavia) - Honorary Doctoral of Law (26 March 1985)

11. Pyongyang University (Korea) - Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy (28th March 1985)

12. National University of Lesotho (Lesotho)

13. The State House Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) - Honorary Degree for Diplomacy (20th Sept, 1985)

14. Havana University…

Nyerere Through Interactive Timeline

2010-06-08T16:15:00+00:00

Africa Day: The Dream Lives On

2017-05-25T11:20:00+00:00

Kwame Nkrumah

Sifelani Tsiko Sydnication Writer
Africa today celebrates the 54th anniversary of the founding of the continental body — the African Union — at a time when Africa is building up the momentum to press for industrialisation to rapidly transform its desire to turn its vast economic potential into reality. There is no doubt that the continent’s thrust to unleash its economic potential through the implementation of strong industrial policies will, at least, despite the huge challenges that exist, help provide Africa with the tools for value addition and commodity-based industrialisation.

With bold leadership and state support, consistent monitoring and evaluation, inclusivity and prioritisation of major sectors, it is possible that Africa can be firmly put on the tough and winding road to structural transformation.

The era of begging bowls is…

Nyerere, The Soul Of Tanzania

2017-03-10T11:54:00+00:00

Nairobi, Kenya – Three months before the end of the last millennium, Africa’s arguably greatest leader-president breathed his last in a big city hospital, far away from the peasants who held him in awe and whom he loved to banter with so much.

On October 14, 1999, Africa woke to the sad news of the demise of Julius Kambarage Nyerere. He was 77, a tender age considering that his beloved mother died at the ripe old age of 100-plus years. His elder brother Wanzagi had died at the age of 86 and his maternal uncle died at the age of 96 years.

The founder-president of the Republic of Tanzania died at St Thomas Hospital in central London. He had been diagnosed with a rare terminal illness — lymphatic leukaemia — a disease that is primarily caused by persistent multiplication of the white blood cells in the blood.

The course of the disease is very slow, but towards the end, is…

President Mugabe launches Julius Nyerere book

2016-01-28T18:57:00+00:00

President Mugabe is set to launch a book published in honour of the founding Tanzanian President, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere at State House this afternoon.

The book is entitled Julius Nyerere, Asante Sana, Thank you Mwalimu and it was co published by Southern African Research and Documentation Centre (SARDC), House of Books, African Publishing Group in Zimbabwe and Mkuki na Nyota of Tanzania

Julius Nyerere, Asante Sana, Thank you Mwalimu is a compilation of articles by scholars and his speeches. In attendance are cabinet ministers, service chiefs, scholars, writers and ambassadors.

Back page of the book Julius Nyerere, Asante Sana, Thank You Mwalimu

12:30 Pres Mugabe takes to the podium now. Speaks glowingly of Phylis Johnson who is co-editor of the book. “You are marvelous woman a rare species. We don’t find such many in the western world.”

12:33 Nyerere is an eminent symbol of unity and freedom. The book covers a wide range of thematic areas including Africa’s…

Nyerere carried the torch that liberated Africa

2014-10-14T12:00:00+00:00

The then leaders of the Front Line States (from left) Tanzania’s Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Mozambique’s Samora Moises Machel, Botswana’s Quett Masire, Angola’s Eduardo dos Santos and Zambia’s Kenneth Kaunda spearheaded the decolonisation of Southern Africa

MWALIMU Julius Kambarage Nyerere was the father of Southern African liberation, and one of the founding fathers of the Southern African Development Community. Born in Butiama near Lake Victoria on April 13 1922,…

Nyerere: “Without unity, there is no future for Africa”

2013-05-03T11:43:00+00:00

My generation led Africa to political freedom. The current generation of leaders and peoples of Africa must pick up the flickering torch of African freedom, refuel it with their enthusiasm and determination, and carry it forward,” said Tanzania’s first president, Julius Nyerere, one of the founding fathers of the OAU, in a speech given in Accra on the occasion of Ghana’s 40th independence anniversary celebrations on 6 March 1997. This piece is extracted from that speech.

In May 1963, 32 independent African states met in Addis Ababa, founded the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), and established the Liberation Committee of the new organisation, charging it with the duty of coordinating the liberation struggle in those parts of Africa still under colonial rule. The following year, 1964, the OAU met in Cairo [Egypt]. The Cairo Summit is remembered mainly for the declaration of the heads of state of independent Africa to respect the borders inherited from colonialism. The principle of non-interference in internal…

The Story of Julius Nyerere, Africa’s Elder Statesman

2010-12-02T14:22:00+00:00

Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the founding father of Tanzania, is one of the pioneers of African nationalism and Pan-Africanism. He was not only the principal actor in the struggle for Tanganyika's independence but he was also at the forefront of the liberation of central and southern Africa.

Title: The Story of Julius Nyerere, Africa's Elder Statesman - From the pages of DRUM
ISBN: 9976 973 52 7 (Mkuki na Nyota)
ISBN: 9970 02 153 2 (Fountain Publishers)
Publishers: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Dar es Salaam - Tanzania
Fountain Publishers: Kampala - Uganda

After independence, he united Tanganyika and Zanzibar to create the modern Republic of Tanzania. For twenty three years he presided over the affairs of Tanzania and forged a distinct Tanzanian national identity.

He played a key role in the formation of OAU, the East African Community and was the leader of the Frontline States in the liberation struggle against white-ruled southern Africa.
He…

Speech By President Nelson Mandela at a Banquet in Honour of Julius Nyerere

2010-11-02T14:40:00+00:00

Speech By President Nelson Mandela at a Banquet in Honour of Julius Nyerere, Johannesburg, 17 October 1997

Master of Ceremonies; Mwalimu Julius Nyerere; Mr Nicky Oppenheimer; Honoured guests;

It is a great pleasure to share in this occasion honouring one of Africa's great patriots.

It is a humbling experience to recall the contribution that Mwalimu Nyerere has made to the liberation of our continent, and to freedom in South Africa.

This is the freedom fighter who heard Chief Luthuli's appeal and joined Trevor Huddleston in launching the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain in 1959; a leader whose decisive intervention at the Commonwealth Conference after the Sharpeville Massacre led to the exclusion of apartheid South Africa.

I had the personal privilege of meeting him many years ago, in 1962, when I visited Tanzania seeking help as we embarked on the armed struggle. Then, as now, I was struck by his lucid thoughts; his burning desire for justice everywhere; and his commitment to Africa's interests.

After the independence…

Nyerere the Father of Southern African Liberation

2010-11-02T13:27:00+00:00

Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere was the father of southern African liberation, and one of the founding fathers of the Southern African Development Community. Born in Butiama near Lake Victoria on 13 April 1922, when he passed away 10 years ago on 14 October 1999, Africans everywhere shared the sense of loss felt by Tanzanians.

He was Baba wa taifa, father of the nation, the moving force for the independence of Tanganyika on 9 December 1961 and for its unity with Zanzibar on 26 April 1964 to create the United Republic of Tanzania. A charismatic leader of sharp intellect and great personal integrity, he welded a country and a national identity from over 120 ethnic groups, united by their language Swahili and by a social harmony constructed on the ideals of peace, justice, unity and personal commitment.

His firm support for equality and tolerance ranged across all diversity of race, religion, class and gender. He encouraged Tanzanian women to play a leadership role in society and adopted a parliamentary system that has guaranteed seats for women. His…

Nyerere Speech at UN Trusteeship Council in 1998

2010-11-01T13:26:00+00:00

Speech by Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere at the Opening Ceremony of the Second Meeting of the Council of Representatives at the U.N. Trusteeship Council in New York on the 21st September 1998

Council of Representatives of the South Centre. We are honoured by the presence of our distinguished guests -President Mandela and Minister Al Atas, whom I warmly welcome and thank for finding some time in their very busy schedules to be able to be with us here.

During the next two years the Council will be exploring in detail the work accomplished and the experience gained during the last three years and it will chart the future course of the Centre. At this opening session, and in the presence of our distinguished leaders from South, I would like to stress the political and practical significance of the South Centre.

Today, we in the South live and operate in an external economic and political environment which profoundly affects and limits our situation and our choices and economic and social environment is not .'God given". It is "man made", and those…

Julius. K .nyerere Unsung Hero Of Africa Who Made Nelson Mandela

2010-11-01T12:55:00+00:00

International high level conference on mwalimu julius.kambarage nyerere to be held at the university of edinburgh, scotland 9th -12t of november, 2009.

Today the world knows a lot about President Nelson Mandela but seemingly conveniently always forgetting that Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, a late Tanzanian President was a man behind Mandela Success. Without Nyerere effort's we probably would have had the Mandela's success story as we have it today, as presented to the world.

Let me walk you down the history lane to refresh our recollection. In 1959 Mwalimu Nyerere together with Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, founded the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain. In 1980s during the campaign for South Africa Nuclear Disarmament, the movement had individual membership of 6,000 people, and attracted 700 organizations, including the Labour, Liberal and Social Democratic parties affiliated. These together represented more than 18 million people.

This implies that whatever success Mandela is afforded it was because of Mwalimu Nyerere's high…

Nyerere on the quarterly review of comparative education

2010-11-01T12:49:00+00:00

Julius Nyerere, the former and founding President of the United Republic of Tanzania, is known not only as one of the world's most respected statesmen and an articulate spokesman of African
liberation and African dignity but also as an educator and an original and creative educational thinker. Before launching his political career, he was a teacher, and as a result of his writings on
educational philosophy and the intimate interaction between his political leadership and educational leadership for the country, he is fondly and respectfully referred to by the title of "Mwalimu"
(teacher) by Tanzanians and others.

This is Gillette's view of him: Indeed, part of Nyerere's charisma lies in the fact that, before launching his political career with the founding of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) in 1954, he was a teacher and that his concept of his role as national leader includes constant reassessment, learning and explanation, i.e. education in the broadest sense. Since Independence, and particularly since the threshold…

Racial And Religious Tolerance in Nyerere’s Political Thought And Practice

2010-11-01T12:42:00+00:00

Salma Maoulidi unpacks Nyerere's legacy in the realm of racial and religious tolerance. "As Nyerere became more exposed to politics and other races," she observes, "he attained the sophistication of tolerating mutual coexistence where acknowledging the humanity of others in lieu of settling scores informed a more encompassing political strategy." However, despite all his efforts and those of the liberation struggles, prevailing racial and religious tensions continue to find expression in post-independence Tanzania. Salma concludes that "Tanzania's inability to overcome the vestiges of racial and religious exclusion exposes the government's and the ruling party's inability (or unwillingness) to address racial and religious discrimination that continues to dominate Tanzania's political culture in a forthright and objective manner."

What does racial and religious tolerance signify to a nation like Tanzania? Is it solely the absence of violent conflicts i.e. kisiwa cha amani ('island/pocket of peace') as described by the current 'political…

Integrity and honor defined Nyerere

2010-11-01T12:39:00+00:00

One of the most important and respected African leaders to emerge out of the colonial era has passed away. Julius Nyerere, the former president of Tanzania, died of leukemia at age 77 on Oct. 14.

By Clarence Lusane , 19 October 1999

It is easy to be loved when one has an endless record of successes. Nyerere did it the hard way. He led Tanzania as its first president from 1962 until 1985 and he is as much noted for his mistakes as for his achievements.

As a contemporary of Zambia's Kenneth Kaunda, Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah and others from the liberation movement era of the 1950s and early 1960s, Nyerere flowered in a period of transition in Africa that saw black majorities come into power grappling with all the problems of development and democracy that colonialism had left behind. Nyerere's solution was what he called "African socialism." For Nyerere, this meant nationalizing property, banks and large plantations, as well as efforts at collective farming and one-party rule. Although Nyerere's…

The Genius with Julius Nyerere

2010-11-01T12:35:00+00:00

Julius Nyerere, the former President of Tanzania and architect of Tanzania's Independence movement, is one of the few African leaders that will receive a favorable mention in history. From 1962 when he became president until his retirement in 1985--the first African leader to do so voluntarily--Nyerere worked to free the continent of Africa from white minority rule, and for closer ties between African states. He instilled a sense of limitless possibility among Tanzanians and Africans in general, and took wise steps to diminish the impact of ethnic identification in Tanzanian society. Nyerere's advocacy of self-reliance introduced a new paradigm for development in Africa

Author: Muna Kangsen

Julius Kambarage Nyerere was born on April 13, 1922 in Butiama, on the eastern shore of Lake Victoria in northwest Tanganyika. He was the son of a minor chief of the Uzanaki, a small ethnic group in Tanzania. Nyerere excelled in primary school and was permitted to study at Tanganyika's only secondary school at Tabora, a place…

Nyerere Quote Speech 03

2010-11-01T12:18:00+00:00

Speech by the late Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere to parliament members of the South Africa

2010-11-01T12:15:00+00:00

Madam Speaker and, I think I may say, Comrade President and Comrade Vice President, ladies and gentlemen. I have told you already how I felt when you asked me to come and talk here. And then I got the message that you were coming. Of course, I am happy you are here, but what do I say in your presence in this House? This is not my first time here. I have been here before and I have thanked you, but I must thank you again. For me to come here to this Chamber and address you is a dream which you have helped me to make true. How could any one of us have thought that it would be possible for me or people of my type to come to this country and speak from a forum like this? So, Mr. President, and all your colleagues, I say thank you very much for making this possible.

J.K.Nyerere, Cape Town 16th October 1997 - Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere:-

Now, as for sharing my thoughts with you: my thoughts, unfortunately, don't change, so a lot of what I am going to say some of you will have heard before, but some of you have not. I am going to say two things…

J.K.Nyerere talks with Charlayne Hunter-Gault

2010-11-01T12:01:00+00:00

Published in December of 1996, is the talk that journalist Charlayne Hunter-Gault had with former Tanzanian President Julius K. Nyerere about seeking an end to ethnic conflict in the Great Lakes Region of Africa.

ELIZABETH FARNSWORTH: Next, Charlayne Hunter-Gault concludes her series on the origin of the crises in Central Africa. She talks with Julius Nyerere, a key figure in efforts to bring peace to the region.

CHARLAYNE HUNTER-GAULT: Julius K. Nyerere, the 74-year-old former president of Tanzania and one of Africa's most respected elder statesmen, led his country to an independence in 1961 and presided over it until 1985. Searching for a development path for his dirt-poor country, he introduced a governing concept that was meant to meld socialism with traditional tribal government. He called it "Ujamaa," Swahili for familyhood.

Through benign one-party rule and emphasizing racial and tribal harmony and moralistic self-sacrifice, Nyerere unified Tanzania from a far flung collection of tribes into a nation.…

Julius Kambarage Nyerere : How Much War?

2010-11-01T11:57:00+00:00

This is a transcript obtained from the Time magazine. Read through the mind of Mwalimu about liberating Zimbabwe then and the then East African Community.

This was published on Monday, Mar. 14, 1977

What would happen if South Africa intervened militarily to prop up the white minority regime of Prime Minister Ian Smith in Rhodesia? Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere's answer: the five "frontline" African states that support Rhodesia's black nationalist guerrillas might well invite Soviet or Chinese intervention.

For Nyerere, 55, who led his country to independence 16 years ago, the simmering guerrilla war in Rhodesia overshadows matters much closer to home. Besides the problem of his socialist nation's faltering economy, he is confronted with the collapse of the East African Community that bound Tanzania with neighboring Kenya and Uganda in economic union, and the open hostility of Ugandan Dictator Idi Amin Dada, who accuses him of plotting an "invasion" in cahoots with former Ugandan President Milton Obote. Nonetheless,…

Nyerere and the Catholic Church

2010-11-01T11:52:00+00:00

Julius Kambarage Nyerere 1922 to 1999 Roman Catholic Church Tanzania

Julius Kambarage Burito Nyerere was born in 1922 at Butiama village, Musoma, Tanzania. He was a Zanaki by tribe. His father was Chief Burito Nyerere and his mother was Mgaya Wanyang'ombe. His father died while Kambarage was still young. His mother who raised him died in 1997 at the ripe old age of almost 100. Kambarage, the name he was given at birth, means "the spirit which gives rain" in Zanaki because the day he was born a very heavy rain fell.

In 1934 he was admitted to Mwetenge Primary School in Musoma, Tanzania, a school that was about forty-two kilometers from his home. Nyerere was a brilliant and hard working student. He regularly scored the highest marks in the class and was the leading pupil in all examinations. He received the highest score in the country on the standard four examination. After that he undertook studies at Tabora Government School in 1937, graduating in 1942.

When he reached the age of twenty, he decided to join the Roman Catholic Church. For…

Philosophy of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere

2010-11-01T11:50:00+00:00

Society must have institutions which safeguard and promote both unity and freedom and it must be permeated by an attitudeâ€”a society ethicâ€”which ensures that these institutions remain true to their purpose, and are adapted as need arises."
- Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere

This is what Nyerere, Karume agreed on Tanzania

2010-11-01T11:00:00+00:00

On April 26, 1964, The Father of Nation Mwalimu Julius Nyerere and the First Zanzibar's President Abeid Arnan Karume united Tanganyika and Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. The Union was supported by what came to be known as the Articles of Union. Here is the original document of the articles as agreed by the founders of the two nations.

WHEREAS the Governments of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples' Republic of Zanzibar being mindful of the long association of the peoples of these lands and of their ties of kinship and amity, and being desirous of furthering that association and strengthening of these ties and of furthering the unity of African peoples have met and considered the union of the Republic of Tanganyika with the Peoples Republic of Zanzibar:

AND WHEREAS the Governments of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples' Republic of Zanzibar are desirous that the two Republics shall be united in one Sovereign Republic in accordance with the Articles hereinafter contained:-

It is therefore AGREED…

Press Coverage from the Internet on Nyerere’s Death

2010-11-01T10:45:00+00:00

Press Coverage from the Internet. By date. By newspaper. Julius Nyerere 1. 14 October 1999 6. ANC Statement On The Death Of Julius Kambarage "Mwalimu"

Julius Kambarage Nyerere, “The Dilemma of the Pan-Africanist” - 1966

2010-11-01T10:31:00+00:00

In 1966 Julius Kambarage Nyerere was President of the Republic of Tanzania. When President Kenneth Kaunda of neighboring Zambia became the first Chancellor of the University of Zambia when it was inaugurated on July 13, 1966 he invited Nyerere, also the Chancellor of the University of East Africa, to attend the ceremony and give an address to the assembled audience. President Nyerere used the occasion to describe the possible conflict between African nationalisms and Pan-Africanism.

Your Excellencies, we have achieved many things in Africa in recent years, and can look back with some pride at the distance we have travelled. But we are a long way from achieving the thing we originally set out to achieve, and I believe there is a danger that we might now voluntarily surrender our greatest dream of all.

For it was as Africans that we dreamed of freedom; and we thought of it for Africa. Our real ambition was African freedom and African government. The fact that we fought are by area was merely a tactical necessity. We organized ourselves into the…

Julius Nyerere; Life Times Legacy

2010-11-01T08:16:00+00:00

Life Times Legacy

Published to celebrate the life of Mwalimu Nyerere.

Julius Kamberage Nyerere (born 1922) was a Tanzanian statesman and political philosopher who became the first president of Tanzania. His carefully reasoned and well-presented policies for the development of Tanzania led to a reputation as Africa's most original thinker.

HE Mwanaidi Sinare Maajar
Tanzania High Commissioner to the United Kingdom
Introduction - nyerere_lifetime_legacy_ms_maajar_intro.pdf

Benjamine William Mkapa
Third President of the United Republic of Tanzania
Memories of Julius Nyerere - nyerere_lifetime_legacy_mkapa.pdf

Ali Hassan Mwinyi
Second President of the United Republic of Tanzania
Mwalimu Nyerere as i knew him - nyerere_lifetime_legacy_hon_mwinyi.pdf

…

Julius. K .nyerere Unsung Hero Of Africa Who Made Nelson Mandela

2010-11-01T08:12:00+00:00

International high level conference on mwalimu julius.kambarage nyerere to be held at the university of edinburgh, scotland 9th -12t of november, 2009.

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE PRLog (Press Release) - Nov 08, 2009 - JULIUS. K .NYERERE UNSUNG HERO OF AFRICA WHO MADE NELSON MANDELA

Edinburgh, United Kingdom, November 6, 2009
Today the world knows a lot about President Nelson Mandela but seemingly conveniently always forgetting that Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, a late Tanzanian President was a man behind Mandela Success. Without Nyerere effort's we probably would have had the Mandela's success story as we have it today, as presented to the world. Let me walk you down the history lane to refresh our recollection. In 1959 Mwalimu Nyerere together with Archbishop Trevor Huddleston, founded the Anti-Apartheid Movement in Britain.

In 1980s during the campaign for South Africa Nuclear Disarmament, the movement had individual membership of 6,000 people, and attracted 700 organizations, including the Labour, Liberal and…

Mwalimu: The Influence of Nyerere

2010-11-01T07:38:00+00:00

Author, Editor: Colin Legum
Editor: G. R. V. Mmari
Paperback: 205 pages
Publisher: Africa World Press (February 1995)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0865434794
ISBN-13: 978-0865434790
Dimensions: 9.1 x 6 x 0.7 inches

Book Description
In this text, international figures such as Father Huddleston and Sir Shridath Ramphal join with Tanzanian scholars to assess, not without criticism, the influential contributions of Julius Nyerere both within his own country and across the Third World. Part 1 provides an overview of the man and his thought. Part 2 focuses on those areas of policy in which Nyerere took a particular interest.

Part 3 concentrates on the major social, economic and political issues that have been central to the unique Tanzanian experience - unique because of the man who shaped the first quarter of a century of independence. North America: Africa…

We must run while they walk;: A portrait of Africa’s Julius Nyerere

2010-11-01T06:58:00+00:00

Author: William Edgett Smith
Loose Leaf: 296 pages
Publisher: Random House; 1st edition (1972)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0394467523
ISBN-13: 978-0394467528

Book Description:
This book is, as its title would indicate, more of a personal memoir than apolitical analysis.It is also clearly written for the general American reading public, whose knowledge of Africa comes largely from Robert Ruark and M.G.M. The reader must strive to keep these points in mind when assessing its usefulness. William Edgett Smith is a hopeless and incurable Tanzaphiliac.

Five years ago this disease rampaged unchecked through thr pages of journals and the proceeding of conferences. An earl diagnosis by Ali Mazrui in Transition (1967) appears to have been accurate, for as the great expatriate enthusiast have gradually departed, the virus of Tanzaphilia seems to be disappearing.

Nyerere Against Islam in Zanzibar and Tanganyika

2010-10-31T20:08:00+00:00

"Without any question, the manner and the implications of the union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar is the most misunderstood aspect of Tanzania's political development. It may not matter very much when foreigners get confused, but unfortunately there are many times when Tanzanians themselves appear to misunderstand it."

Former Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere. - Dar es Salaam Government Printer, July 1970. p. 3.

INTRODUCTION
When the former Tanzanian President Julius Kambarage Nyerere made the above address to his National Assembly that "the union between Zanzibar and Tanganyika is the most misunderstood aspects of Tanzanian's political development" proved that he is the only Tanzanian who knows "the manner and the implications of the union" after British colonialism in East Africa.

During the British colonialism, Zanzibar was the only intellectual center for Islamization of East African countries under the Zanzibar Sultanate. The Gofu and the Barza Mosques allowed students from the…

Nyerere’s legacy of poverty and repression in Zanzibar

2010-10-31T19:59:00+00:00

By Ann Talbot - 15 November 2000

Opposition parties boycotted the rerun election in the East African archipelago of Zanzibar, after the previous attempt to hold elections on October 31 ended in chaos.

The government was forced to re-run the election in 16 of the islands' 50 constituencies after election observers reported that some polling stations did not open, that there were no election materials at others, ballot boxes were tampered with and some people voted more than once.

Foreign television crews filmed police beating supporters of the opposition Civic Union Front who protested. Reporters, including Ali Saleh from the BBC, were arrested. Another BBC reporter, Sulaiman Salim, went into hiding when he learned that the police were searching for him.

The Commonwealth Observers Group said that the election was a shambles and showed â€œcolossal contempt for the Zanzibari people and their aspirations for democracy. "US State Department spokesman Richard Boucher said, "We are deeply concerned about the failure…

The Critical Phase in Tanzania: Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy

2010-10-28T16:32:00+00:00

Author: Cranford Pratt
Paperback: 328 pages
Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1 edition (May 7, 2009)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0521110726
ISBN-13: 978-0521110723
Dimensions: 8.9 x 6 x 0.9 inches

Book Description
This study of the forces and considerations that led to the emergence of a democratic and socialist strategy of development in Tanzania is therefore of wide relevance in Africa and the developing world.

'How can a country which is poor, with few socialists and without either a strong proletariat or a radicalised peasantry be led to a socialist transformation of its values and institutions?' In January 1967 Julius Nyerere, President of Tanzania, made this the central preoccupation of his government and of his party, the Tanganyika African National Union. The emergence of that socialist commitment provides the central focus for this study of political leadership…

Political-Economic Issues in Tanzania: The Nyerere Years 1965-1985

2010-10-28T16:31:00+00:00

Author: Meta K. Townsend
Hardcover 338 pages
Publisher: Edwin Mellen Press (July 1998)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0773442332
ISBN-13: 978-0773442337
Dimensions: 9.5 x 6.5 x 1 inches

Book Description
This text develops a version of the concept of "corporatism" to explain the state policies and directives aimed at increasing agricultural productivity and limiting local participation. It also examines interest group participation and influence at national and local levels.

Nyerere of Tanzania

2010-10-28T13:38:00+00:00

Author: William Edgett Smith
Paperback: 207 pages
Publisher: Zimbabwe Publishing House (1981)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0949932086
ISBN-13: 978-0949932082

One of Africa's most respected figures, Julius Nyerere (1922 - 1999) was a politician of principle and intelligence. Known as Mwalimu or teacher he had a vision of education and social action that was rich with possibility.

Nyerere on Education / Nyerere kuhusu Elimu

2010-10-28T13:21:00+00:00

Editor: Elieshi Lema
Paperback: 184 pages
Publisher: E & D Ltd.; Bilingual edition (January 1, 1993)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9987894356
ISBN-13: 978-9987894352
Dimensions: 8 x 6.4 x 0.4 inches

Book Description:
The collection includes Nyerere's ground-breaking policy paper 'Education for Self-Reliance', which remains a key reference work on progressive and transformative education in a postcolonial context. Other papers discuss the ethical basis for expanding tertiary level education in a developing country where primary education is not yet established, as well as the education needs and rights of school-aged children.

Tanzania under Mwalimu Nyerere: Reflections on an African Statesman

2010-10-28T13:09:00+00:00

Author: Godfrey Mwakikagile
Paperback: 220 pages
Publisher: New Africa Press (November 28, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0980253497
ISBN-13: 978-0980253498
Dimensions: 8.8 x 5.9 x 0.7 inches

Book Description:
Nyerere's economic policies, his successes and failures in pursuit of economic development under socialism, are some of the subjects addressed by Godfrey Mwakikagile in this book.

A Tanzanian himself, he also looks at how life was under Nyerere since the sixties.
The work is also a critical examination of the political situation in Tanzania since independence when the country was known as Tanganyika before uniting with Zanzibar.

The author also looks at the transition that has taken place in Tanzania from one-party rule to multiparty democracy, and from socialism to capitalism since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

He…

Julius K. Nyerere: Teacher of Africa

2010-10-28T12:58:00+00:00

Author: Shirley Graham Du Bois
Hardcover: 191 pages
Publisher: Julian Messner (1975)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 067132716X
ISBN-13: 978-0671327163

Book Description:
A biography of the African nationalist who led Tanganyika to independence, united that country with Zanzibar, and became the first president of Tanzania.

Freedom and Unity: Uhuru Na Umoja

2010-10-28T12:46:00+00:00

Author: Julius Kambarage Nyerere
Hardcover: 380 pages
Publisher: Oxford Univ Pr (June 1966)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0196440823
ISBN-13: 978-0196440828
Dimensions: 8.5 x 5.8 x 1.2 inches

Book Details
Freedom and Unity: Uhuru Na Umoja : A Selection from Writings and Speeches 1952-65 by Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Jun 1966)

African Political Leadership: Jomo Kenyatta, Kwame Nkrumah, and Julius K. Nyerere

2010-10-28T12:42:00+00:00

Author: A. B. Assensoh
Paperback: 200 pages
Publisher: Krieger Publishing Company (July 1998)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0894649116
ISBN-13: 978-0894649110
Dimensions: 8.9 x 6 x 0.5 inches

Book Description:
In African politics, Kenya's Jomo Kenyatta, Tanzania's Julius Nyerere, and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah were known for their early radical ideas, and in the case of Nkrumah and Nyerere, for their socialistic political stance. Kenyatta was well known for his suspected leadership in the Mau-Mau revolt against British colonial rule; Nyerere for his "Ujamaa," a cooperative/socialist enterprise; and Kwame Nkrumah as the indigenous African leader who, in 1957, lit the torch of modern African political independence. This book analyzes their nationalistic-cum-Pan-Africanist and overall political contributions to African history.

Nyerere’s Nationalist Legacy

2010-10-28T12:35:00+00:00

African Charter Article #20: All peoples shall have the right to existence and self determination and the right to free themselves from the bonds of domination.

Author: Issa G. Shivji, Pan African
Date Written: 3 December 2009
Document Origin: Pambazuka 460

All peoples shall have the right to existence. They shall have the unquestionable and inalienable right to self- determination. They shall freely determine their political status and shall pursue their economic and social development according to the policy they have freely chosen.
Colonized or oppressed peoples shall have the right to free themselves from the bonds of domination by resorting to any means recognized by the international community.
All peoples shall have the right to the assistance of the States parties to the present Charter in their liberation struggle against foreign domination, be it political, economic or cultural.

Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere was a great nationalist of the…

Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era

2010-10-28T12:31:00+00:00

Author: Godfrey Mwakikagile
Paperback: 742 pages
Publisher: New Africa Press; 3 edition (November 19, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0980253411
ISBN-13: 978-0980253412
Dimensions: 8.4 x 5.4 x 1.8 inches

Book Description
This is the third edition of "Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era."
It is also the largest and includes new material not found in previous editions but is essentially the same work.
It is a comprehensive study of the political career of President Julius Nyerere spanning half a century.
Godfrey Mwakikagile takes a critical look at Nyerere's policies and influence in the domestic and international arenas for an objective evaluation of the life and times of one of the most influential leaders in the twentieth century. As one of the most well-known African scholars, Professor Ali Mazrui, stated in his tribute to Nyerere when Nyerere died: "He was…

Julius Nyerere. Humanist, Politician, Thinker

2010-10-28T12:25:00+00:00

Author: RASIAS
Paperback: 88 pages
Publisher: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers (September 15, 2006)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9987417515
ISBN-13: 978-9987417513
Dimensions: 8.5 x 5.5 x 0.3 inches

Product Description:
This collection contains major papers delivered at a conference dedicated to the memory of Julius Nyerere, held in January 2000 at the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The contributors, scholars and diplomats in Russia with Africa interests, rank Nyerere on a par with national leaders such as Gandhi, Nkrumah and Nasser. Their essays show that not only was Nyerere a political figure of stature, but that he was also an uncommon philosopher-theorist who made an important contribution to the intellectual development of his country and of the Kiswahili language. They further illustrate Nyerere's reliance on unity and cooperation between…

Africa’s Liberation: The Legagy of Nyerere

2010-10-28T12:14:00+00:00

Editor: Chambi Chachage, Annar Cassam
Format: Paperback
ISBN: 13 978-1-906387-71-6
ISBN: 13 978-1-906387-72-3
Publication Date: May 2010

Audience: Activists, campaigners, NGO-workers, academics, journalists, commentators

Contributions from: Emeka Anyaoku, Ana Camacho, Horace Campbell, Seithy Chachage, Nawal El Saadawi, Ng'wanza Kamata, Faustin Kamuzora, Helen Kijo-Bisimba, Chris Maina Peter, Salma Maoulidi, Marjorie Mbilinyi, Neema Ndunguru, Haroub Othman, Mohamed Sahnoun, Issa G. Shivji, Vicensia Shule

Summary Description:
The death in 1999 of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the first president of Tanzania, left a cavern in the consciousness and conscience of the people of Tanzania and Africa. Nyerere was not simply a player on the national terrain. He was a Pan-Africanist and an internationalist â€“ in thoughts, writings and, crucially, in his practice. A giant…

The Nyerere Legacy and Economic Policy Making in Tanzania

2010-10-28T12:08:00+00:00

Summary Description:
For a great leader like the late Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, a single book is not adequate to capture all his thoughts. Nevertheless, The Nyerere Legacy and Economic Policy Making in Tanzania reflects on some of Nyerere's thoughts on poverty, the productive sector, delivery of social services, the external sector, fiscal issues, the environment, and governance issues, specifically corruption.

Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era: Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere (1922-1999)

2010-10-27T20:57:00+00:00

Author: Godfrey Mwakikagile
Paperback: 472 pages
Publisher: Protea Publishing Company (November 2002)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1931768749
ISBN-13: 978-1931768740
Dimensions: 9.1 x 6.2 x 1.2 inches

Book Description:
This work looks at the legacy of the late President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, one of the world's most influential leaders and Africa's most revered statesman besides Nelson Mandela. One of the first books written after his death but probably the most comprehensive to date, it is also a critical study of some of Nyerere's major policy initiatives in a Pan-African context, including events in which he played the most prominent role influencing the course of African history. As Professor Ali Mazrui described Nyerere: "In global terms, he was one of the giants of the 20th century....He did bestride this narrow world like an African colossus."

The Legacies of Julius Nyerere

2010-10-24T07:43:00+00:00

David McDonald (Editor), Eunice Njeri Sahle (Editor) - The Legacies of Julius Nyerere: Influences on Development Discourse and Practice in Africa (Politics of Self-Reliance / By Ngugi Wa Thiong'o -- Julius N)

Publication: African Business
Publication Date: 01-May-03
Format: Paperback
ISBN: O-86543-882-X

Book Description:
It would be an exaggeration to state that Julius Nyerere is one of the forgotten moral leaders of Africa. For Tanzanians, for those on the left who had their political epiphanies in the 1960s (as well as for those who criticized his economic policies) and for those who have studied Tanzanian history and politics, he remains a deeply influential and charismatic figure.

Yet there is still a sense that Nyerere does not enjoy the international reputation in the popular mind that he undoubtedly deserves. For obvious reasons, Nelson Mandela has become the symbol of hope for African leadership and integrity.…

Life under Nyerere

2010-10-24T07:36:00+00:00

Author: Godfrey Mwakikagile
Publisher: New Africa Press
Book Type: Paperback
ISBN-13: 9780980258721 - ISBN-10: 0980258723
Publication Date: 12/8/2006
Pages: 164

Book Description:
This is more than just a sentimental journey into the past. It is also an assessment of Nyerere's leadership and policies from the perspective of a former journalist.

The author worked as a reporter at Tanzania's leading newspaper, "The Daily News," and as an information officer at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in the nation's capital, Dar es Salaam, when Nyerere was president.

Included in the book is one of the last interviews Nyerere gave not long before he died in which he reflected on his leadership and even on his student days at Makerere University College in Uganda and at Edinburgh University in Scotland.

Also included is an interview with former Ugandan President Milton Obote…

Tanzania Tunakukumbuka Milele Baba wa Taifa

2010-10-20T14:26:00+00:00

Author, Editor: Michael T. Mwakilasa
Email: mm@mafutasasa.com
Publishers: Sisikazi Economic Empowerment Centre
Paperback: 43 pages
Language: Kiswahili
ISBN: 9987-8898-0-8

Wazo la Kitabu hiki lilikuja baada ya mimi na mwenzangu kutaka kutunza magazeti mengi yaliyokuwa yameandika habari za Baba wa Taifa,kutokea ugonjwa wa Mwalimu mpaka mazishibutiama, kwa ajili ya watoto nawajukuu zetu.Mara tukapata wazo kwamba kwa nini tusikusanye habari na picha wenyewe na kuweza kutoa jarida maalum ambalo watu wengine vilevile wenye kutaka kuweka kumbukumbu wanufaike. Hiki kitabu ni kipande kidogo cha kumuenzi Marehemu baba waTaifa, Mwalimu J.K.Nyerere,misingi na wosia wake vidumu vizazi na vizazi vijavyo

The main thing Nyerere gave Tanzanians was himself

2010-10-14T19:55:00+00:00

Celebrating Mwalimu Julius Nyerere's 11th death anniversary and recalling his policies and works is a delight to many Tanzanians who still cherish his leadership virtues.

Putting unfortunate personal prejudices and ignorance aside and taking the emancipation of the African seriously, Julius Nyerere, who died on October 14, 1999 in London, deserves the pedestal on which he has been placed by Tanzanians and Africa as a whole.‚

This does not mean that the country has never produced great men and women or that other historical personalities will not emerge.'There were heroes before the flamboyant Nyerere and more will and must emerge if we are to meet future challenges.‚

Forty seven years ago, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the colourful 35th President of the United States, said it all: 'A nation reveals itself not only by the men it produces but also by the men it honors, the men it remembers.'

In honouring Nyerere, we therefore can pay honour to the deepest sources of our national strength. We should honour our heroes…

Farewell Speech by the President, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere Nov. 1985

2009-12-20T13:55:00+00:00

Farewell Speech by the President, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, at the Diamond Jubilee Hill Par es Salaam: 4th November 1985. During the long period during which I have had the good fortune to lead our country, I have made very many speeches to Tanzanians. Today, in my last speech as President of the United Republic, I have only one extra thing to say.

To every one of you individually, to all people organised together in villages, in cooperatives, in professions, in voluntary organisations contributing to our development, to all honest workers in Government and Parastatals - to everybody - I say thank you very much.

Since we began to govern ourselves I have been the leader, first of Tanganyika, and then of the United Republic of Tanzania. Time and again you have re-elected me and thus expressed your continued confidence in my ability to do the job you needed done. And in the last few weeks you have paid many tributes to my work as President of our country. You have forgiven, even if perhaps you have not forgotten, my many mistakes of commission and commission.

Freedom and Development

2009-12-12T13:31:00+00:00

Freedom and development are as completely linked together as are chickens and eggs! Without chickens you get no eggs; and without eggs you soon have no chickens. Similarly, without freedom you get no development, and without development you very soon lose your freedom.

Freedom depends on Development.
For what do we mean when we talk of freedom? First, there is national freedom; that is, the ability of the citizens of Tanzania to determine their own future, and to govern themselves without interference from non-Tanzanians. Second, there is freedom from hunger, disease, and poverty.

And third, there is personal freedom for the individual; that is, his right to live in dignity and equality with all others, his right to freedom of speech, freedom to participate in the making of all decisions which affect his life, and freedom from arbitrary arrest because he happens to annoy someone in authorityâ€”and so on. All these things are aspects of freedom, and the citizens of Tanzania cannot be said to be truly free until all of them are…

Freedom and Unity, Uhuru na Umoja

2009-12-11T13:40:00+00:00

The Introduction to a collection of speeches and writings could usefully be a description of the events and changing circumstances of the period during which they were produced. But it is not my intention to provide such a background.

To a large extent the items in this book explain their own context, and the events or developments which provoked them; for the rest I think the preliminary paragraphs give sufficient information to make their inclusion intelligible. Instead I propose to enlarge upon the socialist goal which Tanzania has accepted as its objective, and upon the manner iu which Tanzania can progress towards this goal.

The Tanganyika African National Union has been formally committed to socialism since it revised its constitution almost immediately after Tanganyika's independence in December 1961. Much of the legislation and many of the policies adopted by the different Governmentsâ€”both before and after the Upon with Zanzibarâ€”reflected that commitment. Yet it gradually became clear that the absence…

Speeches of J.K. Nyerere in the UK, 1985

2009-12-08T13:51:00+00:00

My Lord Mayor, Your Excellencies, My Lords, Aldermen, Sheriffs, Ladies and Gentlemen.
First of all, I want to congratulate you on your Swahili performance. And secondly I want to thank you for your warm welcome and the nice things you have said about myself and my country in your own speech.

At the conclusion of my speech in the Guildhall in 1975, I said that Tanzania was too poor not to pay its debts. In the face of my country's large overdue external payments a considerable proportion of which are due to the United Kingdom I repeat: that statement. But the experience of trying to do business with a chaotic world during the past ten years means that I can no longer stop there.

Tanzania is an underdeveloped country in a poor and underdeveloped continent. During the 1960s most cf Africa's newly independent countries including Tanzania made a promising start in economic progress. In the 1970s, and especially the last half of the decade, we ran into difficulty; the 1980s have so far been a period of economic disaster. Almost every African…

Speech to the Parliament by Mwalimu Nyerere 1985

2009-12-08T13:45:00+00:00

Mr. Speaker; Honourable Members of Parliament.

Today, as it is the last time I shall be addressing this House, I propose to look at some of the things which we have done since I was first entrusted with the task of leading our independent country. 1 want to look at these in the context of the objectives we set ourselves in 1961, 1962, and 1964. I wish, through you, to offer an account to the people who have so consistently re-elected me to lead this country. And I wish to indicate my own provisional assessment of those national achievements and problems which I shall be passing to my successor to deal with in cooperation with the next Parliament.

The single most important task - both for myself and for the people of this country - which I set out in my Inaugural Address in December 1962 was that of buiIding a united nation on the basis of human equality and dignity. When I addressed the United Nations a year before, 1 also promised that the basis of our nation's actions would be an honest attempt to honour the dignity and equality of man - nationally…

Unity for a New Order 1979, Arusha 1979

2009-12-04T13:48:00+00:00

Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen.
It is my duty and my pleasure to welcome this meeting, and every one of you, to Tanzania and to Arusha. I suspect that some of you may have found that your accommodation gives you too frequent a reminder that this meeting is being held in an under-developed country. I want to assure you that we tried hard! I hope, however, that you will not find your rooms or the facilities so unsatisfactory that you cannot do your work properly. I also hope that there will be an opportunity Tor you to see something of Tanzania. We have a lovely country, and we would like you to enjoy your stay here as well as to serve your countries and the whole Third World.

The Agenda of your Conference is very long; it deals with very important matters. Many technical questions are involved, in which details and percentages can mean the difference between the usefulness or otherwise of a proposal or suggested negotiating position. And these details are the reality of working for a New International Economic Order; unless careful attention…

Stability and Change

2009-12-04T12:33:00+00:00

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen, This is my first visit to the University of Toronto but it is very far from being my first contact with it. People from this University have worked at our University College in Dar es Salaam and in many different sectors of our Government; they have made great contributions to our progress. We have many old and valued friends here: people to whom we are indebted for good service gladly rendered.

Let me begin, therefore, by expressing to this University our appreciation for the co-operation and assistance we have received. You have released good people to work with us, and not just sent the people you could most gladly spare! Let me also say "thank you" to the individuals concerned. They have helped us to implement our policies; they have helped us to see and to understand the problems we are faced with; when we have asked, they have suggested alternative solutions to these problemsâ€”though I must hasten to add that they bear no responsibility for our failures.

Introduction to Freedom and Socialism, Uhuru na Ujamaa -1966

2009-12-02T12:13:00+00:00

The Tanganyika African National Union has been formally committed to socialism since it revised its constitution almost immediately after Tanganyika's independence in December 1961. Much of the legislation and many of the policies adopted by the different Governments both before and after the Upion with Zanzibar reflected that commitment.

Yet it gradually became clear that the absence of a generally accepted and…

Arusha Declaration Parliament 1970

2009-12-01T11:36:00+00:00

Arusha Declaration Parliament 1970, In June, 1965 I came to this House to announce the Dissolution of the Independence Parliament, and in September of that year we had our first election under the One Party State Constitution.

Since then we have made many changes in Tanzania; it is appropriate that, at this last regular meeting of what may be called the Arusha Declaration Parliament, I should remind Members of our purposes and out achievements, as well as mention some of the things which remain to be done.

A Time of Struggle 1980

2008-12-10T13:23:00+00:00

Mr. Speaker and Honourable Members of Parliament.
This is the last session of the current Parliament, and in accordance with the Constitution i have already published the Notice" calling for elections when this Sitting has ended.

In 1975, when this Parliament was elected, the economy of Tanzania was described as being in a worse condition than at any previous time since independence. Unfortunately our troubles did not end that year. The whole Five Years of this Parliament has been a period of difficulties. We have had drought, floods, war, and the problems arising from the break-up of the East African Community. And like all other

Third World countries we have had to face great increases in the price of oil and in the price of manufactured goods. Therefore this Parliament began at a time of difficulties, and it ends at a time of difficulties.
Today I do not intend to give a long description of our progress and our problems during the past five years; nor do I want to survey the statistics of our achievements and future plans.

Tanzania Rejects Western Domination 1978

2008-12-10T13:19:00+00:00

Tanzania Rejects Western Domination 1978, Statement by President Julius K. Nyerere

I have been very concerned indeed about world reactions to recent events in Africa, and it seems to me to be necessary that I should make Tanzania's position clear. For the events of the past few weeks have once again demonstrated that although, our legal independence is officially recognized, our need and our right to develop our countries and our continent in our own interests has not yet been conceded in practice. The habit of regarding Africa as an appendage of Western Europe has not yet been broken.

Soviet Forces in Africa:
In Angola the M.P.L.A. did almost all the fighting against the Portuguese colonialists. As independence approached after the Revolution in Portugal, various Western countries-led by the United States of America decided to try to prevent the establishment of an M.P.L.A. Government in that country.

Ujamaa ni Imani

2008-12-09T13:25:00+00:00

Ujamaa ni Imani, Hotuba aliyoitoa Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, tarehe 2, Novemba, 1978

Nimewaombeni tukusanyike tena hapa niwaelezeni jambo ambalo kwa sasa wote mnalijua, lakini nadhani si vibaya nikilieleza. Nitajitahidi kulieleza kwa kifupi.
Wakati nilipokuwa katika ziara kule Songea juraa la pili la mwezi uliopita, ilitangazwa habari kutoka Uganda kwamba Jeshi la Tanzania limeingia Uganda, limechukua sehemu kubwa ya Uganda, na linaua watu ovyo.

Siku hiyo ulipotangazwa uwongo huo nilikuwa nimealikwa kwenye chakula na vijana wetu wa Jeshi la Wananchi pale Songea. Kwa hiyo nikachukua nafasi hiyo kukanusha uongo huo, na kwa kweli kuwalaumu hao waliozua uwongo, na pia kuvishutumu vile vyombo vya habari duniani ambavyo vinapenda sana kutangaza-tangaza uwongo wa Amin.

Mapambano Yanaendelea 1979

2008-12-09T13:17:00+00:00

Ndugu Wananchi,
Leo ni siku ya Mashujaa. Siku hii kila mwaka tunawakumbuka mashujaa wetu waliojitoa kupigana na wavamizi kutoka katika nchi za nje au wageni waliotaka kuitawala nchi yetu. Tunawakumbuka, kwa heshima, wale walio-pigana kuwazuia Wakoloni wasiitawale Tanzania, na waie waliopigana katika vita vya Maji Maji katika jitihada za kupinga utawala wa Kijerumani.

Wachache wao tuna-wafahamu, na majina yao tunayaheshimu: mashujaa kama Mkwawa, Mirambo, na Mputa. Lakini wengi wao hatuwafahamu kwa majina; ila tunafahamu tu ya kwamba waiipigana, na kufa, katika jitihada za kutetea uhuru wa nchi yetu. Tunawakumbuka na kuwaheshimu.

Leo tena tunawakumbuka mashujaa hao kwa fahari. Juhudi zao na vitendo vyao vilitutia moyo siku za nyuma na vinatutia moyo mpaka sasa. Hatutawasahau.

The Third Word and International Economic Structure 1976

2008-12-09T13:12:00+00:00

The Third Word and International Economic Structure 1976

Mr. Chairman, Your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen.

We are often told that riches are not synonymous with happiness; that life is more than economics. I do not disagree; nor do I challenge the statement that the Gross National Product of a country fails to indicate the quality of life there. But it is the well-off who can make such statements. To the starving, good and assured food is the quality of life. For a woman who now has to walk miles for water, a village tap might mean life itself.

The United Nations has estimated that in 1972 the per capita G.N.P. in Germany was in the region of $3,390; that of Tanzania was about $120. Taking the rich countries as a whole, the average per capita G.N.P. was $2,790 in 1970. For those classified as very poor, the average was the same figure as that given for Tanzania two years later 8120.

President Nyerere Speech to Parliament 18th July, 1975

2008-12-09T13:08:00+00:00

Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members of Parliament
This is the first time I have spoken to this Parliament' although I have on a number of occasions spoken to Members at Party and other meetings. It will probably also be the last time before the General Election later this year. In the past five years many changes have been made in our country.

Candidates in the coming elections will be seeking votes from many new voters and from a different political and economic society than that which existed in 1970. Many of the changes and achievements in Tanzania have stemmed from the work of this Parliament.

The Arusha Declaration Ten Years After, Julius K. Nyerere, 1977

2008-12-08T13:01:00+00:00

The Arusha Declaration was passed by TANU in January, 1967. It explained the meaning of Socialism and Self-Reliance, and their relevance to Tanzania. At the same time TANU adopted the Arusha Resolution, and instructed the Government and other public institutions of mainland Tanzania to implement policies which would make Tanzania into a Socialist and Self-Reliant nation.

Action began within twenty-four hours of the publication of the Declaration and Resolution. On 6th February, 1967, ail private Commercial Banks were nationalised; on each of the succeeding four days further steps were taken to bring the economy of the country into the ownership and control of the people.

The Plea to the Poor 1977

2008-12-08T12:56:00+00:00

The Plea to the Poor 1977, Julius K. Nyerere

Mr. President; Your"Excellencies;-Ladies' and Gentlemen.
I am going to speak to you about Poverty, or more specifically,.the relations between the Haves and the Have-nots of the World. Your country is the richest in the world. With some 6 per cent of the world's population I am told that you use over 30 per cent of the non-renewable resources available in a year.

My own country, Tanzania, has the doubtful distinction of being included among the United Nations list of the 25 poorest countries of the world. Perhaps it is not surprising, therefore, that I am one of those people who complain bitterly about the present world economic system and loudly demand that it should be changed. I would like to try to explain what, as we see it, the problem IS, and why the poor nations are demanding fundamental changes.

We are all involved.

Ujamaa - The Basis of African Socialism, Julius K. Nyerere

2008-12-08T10:02:00+00:00

Ujamaa - The Basis of African Socialism, Julius K. Nyerere - 1962

Socialism - like Democracy - is an attitude of mind. In a socialist society it is the socialist attitude of mind, and not the rigid adherence to a standard political pattern, which is needed to ensure that the people care for each others welfare.

The purpose of this paper is to examine that attitude. It is not intended to define the institutions which may be required to embody it in a modern society.

In the individual, as in the society, it is an attitude of mind which distinguishes the socialist from the non-socialist. It has nothing to do with the possession or non-possession of wealth.

Destitute people can be potential capitalists - exploiters of their fellow human beings. A millionaire can equally well be a socialist; he may value his wealth only because it can be used in the service of his fellow men. But the man who uses wealth for the purpose of dominating any of his fellows is a capitalist. So is the man who would if he could!

The Second Scrumble 1962

2008-12-08T09:53:00+00:00

From a speech delivered at the opening of a World Assembly of Youth seminar in Dar es Salaam in 1961 - Julius K. Nyerere.

I am a firm advocate of African Unity. I am convinced that, just as unity was necessary for the achievement of independence in Tanganyika, or in any other nation, unity is equally necessary for the whole of Africa to achieve and maintain her independence.

I believe that, left to ourselves, we can achieve unity on the African Continent. But I don't believe that we are going to be left to ourselves! I believe that the phase from which we are now emerging successfully is the phase of the First Scramble for Africa, and Africa's reaction to it.

We are now entering a new phase - the phase of the Second Scramble for Africa. And just as, in the First Scramble for Africa, one tribe was divided against another tribe to make the division of Africa easier, in the Second Scramble for Africa one nation is going to be divided against another nation to make it easier to control Africa by making her weak and divided against…

The Economic Challenge 1975

2008-12-07T12:50:00+00:00

The Economic Challenge, Dialogue or Confrontation, Address-given by President Julius K. Nyerere to the Royal Commonwealth Society 21st November, 1975 - London

Royal Commonwealth Society Speech 21st November, 1975, The Economic Challenger Dialogue or Confrontation

Mr. President of the Royal Commonwealth Society; Your Excellencies; Ladies and Gentlemen.

I have chosen to speak today about Poverty for three fairly obvious reasons. First; Poverty or more specifically the relations between the rich and the poor - is a very topical, and in some quarters, contentious subject. Second: this is a Commonwealth Society. At Singapore in 1971, in its Declaration of Principles, the Commonwealth declared "We believe that the wide disparities in wealth now existing between different sections of mankind are too great to be tolerated" Both at Ottawa in 1973, and at Kingston earlier this year, Commonwealth leaders have been discussing what should be done about these intolerable disparities between rich, and poor. So the Commonwealth is concerned. And third; my country…

Tanzania Ten Years after Independence 1971

2008-12-07T12:44:00+00:00

Tanzania Ten Years after Independence 1971, Julius K. Nyerere

In Bagamoyo in December 1961, I made what many people regarded a rash statement, I said that in the coming ten years we, the people of Tanganyika, would do more to develop our country than the colonialist had done in the previous forty years. Have we justified my prophesy? More important, how does life feel to the people of Tanzania

South Africa and the Commonwealth 1971

2008-12-06T12:42:00+00:00

South Africa and the Commonwealth 1971, Julius K. Nyerere

At a press conference in the United States in December, 1970, and as reported by the B.B.C., Prime Minister Heath said: "The Commonwealth has always existed and worked on the basis that members respect each other's interests".

Tanzania certainly has no quarrel with that description of one aspect of the Commonwealth. It implies a mutual responsibility between Commonwealth members, as well as the complete national sovereignty of every individual member to pursue his own country's interests. In other words, it is a recognition that, while every Commonwealth member has complete freedom to make its own decisions, each nation has also, by its membership, accepted an obligation to try to the best of its ability to pursue its own interests and needs in such a manner that its actions will not adversely affect the basic interests of other members.

Speech by the President of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere

2008-12-06T10:05:00+00:00

Speech by the President of the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, Monday July 20,1964

Mr. Chairman and Dear Brothers,
I want to join you all in adding to yours my expression of gratitude to President Nasser, his Government and the People of the United Arab Republic, for their hospitality and brotherly reception. In these expressions of gratitude and appreciation it is not easy to avoid giving the impression that one is merely expressing formal politeness.

I would therefore like to temper the formal part of this expression by reminding our hosts of what needs no reminder at all, that without the efforts.of our rainmakers in East Africa, the Egyptian people would not find it easy to be as hospitable as they are. But rainmakers apart, it is a great inspiration to us all (o see what a united country can do under inspired leadership.

Before coming here I did hope that we would not be making formal speeches. I thought that our host would make an opening speech; one of us would reply; and then we would plunge…

The President, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere’s Address to the National Assembly 1965

2008-12-05T10:11:00+00:00

The President, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere's Address to the National Assembly Tuesday, 14th December, 1965

Mr. Speaker, Members of the National Assembly, Ladies and Gentlemen.

My purpose today is to explain the policies and attitudes of the Tanzanian Government one month after the illegal Declaration of Independence by the racist minority government in Southern Rhodesia.

The policies of Tanzania, and of Africa, in relation to Southern Rhodesia, have always had one object, and one object only. That was, and is, to secure a rapid transition to independence on the basis of majority rule. On this subject every action we have taken, every speech we have made, has been intended to further (hat purpose. We have no other.

The declared policy of the British Government- successive British Governments - in relation to all her colonies has been the same. Our past disagreements with Britain have been on the basis of her performance in particular places at particular times-not really on the basis of ideas.

Wajibu wa Mfanyakazi

2008-12-04T10:39:00+00:00

Hotuba ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano via Tanzania Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere kwenye Mkutano wa Kwanza wa NUTA, Dar es Salaam, Julai 34, 1965.

Ndugu Mwenyekiti, Ndugu Wajumbe, na Waheshimiwa wageni wetu,

Leo ni aiku kubwa sana, na mkutano huu una kazi kubwa ya kufanya, Mkutano huu lazima ufikirie jinsi gani chama hiki cha NUTA kilivyochukua madaraka yake mapya kwa watenda kazi wa nchi hii, na jinsi gani watenda kazi nao, kwa kutumia NUTA, ivalivyotimiza wajibu wao kwa taifa letu.

Mkutano huu lazima ufikirie vile vile kazi za baadaye, na kuwafafanulia viongozi wa NUTA, wa TANU na wa Serikali mambo yaliyo muhimu kwa wana-chama wa NUTA. Na jambo lililo muhimu zaidi kwa mkutano huu ni mambo gani wanaehama wenyewe wa NUTA wako tayari kuya-timiza, kwa ajili ya kuendeleza uchumi na hali ya Tanzania kwa sababu ya wajibu huo mkubwa, ni haki kwamba mkutano huu umepata heshima ya kuhudhuriwa na wageni kutoka nchi nyingi.

Rodesia The Case for Action, Organisation of African Unity - October, 1965

2008-12-04T10:18:00+00:00

Rhodesia The Case for Action, Organisation of African Unity - October, 1965

In October, 1965, at the time of the O.A.U. Meeting at Accra, there was a clear basic opposition between the Southern Rhodesian authorities on the one hand, and free Africa on the other, with the United Kingdom's position being ambiguous.

Africa objected to the continuation of the white minority rule in the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, and demanded independence on the basis of majority rule. In other words, Africa wanted two things:
firstly, some form of democratically elected government responsible to the majority of the people, and secondly, independence. We recognized that independence without majority rule was useless, and would represent a worsening of the situation.

Uhuru na Maendeleo

2008-12-03T12:17:00+00:00

Uhuru na Maendeleo ni vitu vinavyohusiana sana; uhusiano wao ni sawa na uhusiano baina ya kuku na yai! Bila ya kuku hupati mayai; na bila mayai kuku watakwisha. Vile vile, bila ya uhuru hupati maendeleo, na bila ya maendeleo ni dhahiri kwamba uhuru wako utapotea.

Uhuru unategemea maendeleo. Tunapozungumza habari za uhuru maana yetu nini hasa, Kwanza, kuna uhuru wa nchi; yaani uwezo wa wananchi wa Tanzania kujipangia maisha yao, wakijitawala wenyewe bila ya kuingiliwa kati na mtu ye yote asiyekuwa Mtanzania.

Pili, kuna uhuru wa kutosumbuliwa na njaa, maradhi, na umasikini. Na tatu, kuna uhuru wa mtu binafsi; yaani haki yake ya kuishi, akiheshimika sawa na wengine wote, uhuru wake wa kusema na uhuru wake wa kushiriki katika uamuzi wa mambo yote yanayogusa maisha yake, na uhuru wa kutokamatwa ovyo na kutiwa ndani kwa kuwa tu kamuudhi mkubwa, japo kama haku-vunja sheria yo yote. Yote hayo ni mambo yanayohusu uhuru, na hatuwezi kusema kuwa Wananchi wa Tanzania ni huru, mpaka tuwe tuna hakika kwamba wanao uhuru wa mambo yote hayo.

Tanzania Policy on Foreign Affairs in 1967

2008-12-03T10:50:00+00:00

Speech to the TANU Bi-Annual National Conference on Tanzania Foreign Policy, Julius K. Nyerere

My first task today is a pleasant one to welcome you all to Mwanza, and to the National Conference of TANU. I wish to give a special welcome to all those Delegates who are here as a result of their compliance with the leadership qualifications of the Arusha Declaration, and a friendly warning to others that the "year of grace" is running out! But in addition I would like to express my own pleasure, and that of us all, in the presence of our guests from other African countries.

President Obote; you are very welcome to this TANU Conference. You are no stranger to Tanzania, or to Mwanza either, you come here as an old and valued friend. Your presence on this occasion is a special pleasure to us, both because of our old association, and also because of the difficulties which Uganda, under your leadership, has so recently overcome.

The President of Zambia, our good friend President Kaunda, is probably used to being mentioned last in international gatherings…

Education for Self Reliance

2008-12-02T11:01:00+00:00

Education for Self Reliance, Julius K. Nyerere, 1967

Since long before Independence the people of this country, under the leadership of TANU, have been demanding more education for their children. But we have never really stopped to consider why we want education what its purpose is. Therefore, although over time there have been various criticisms about the details of curricula provided in schools, we have not until now questioned the basic system of education which we took over at the time of independence.

We have never done that because we have never thought about education except in terms of obtaining teachers, engineers, administrators, etc. Individually and collectively we have in practice thought of education as a training for the skills required to earn high salaries in the modern sector of our economy.

It is now time that we looked again at the justification for a poor society like ours spending almost 20 per cent of its Government revenues on providing education for its children and young people, and began to consider what that education…

Non Alignment in the 1970

2008-12-01T11:31:00+00:00

First, let welcome all our guests to Tanzania. We are very happy to have you with us for this important Preparatory1 Meeting of the Non-Aligned Conference, and I speak on behalf of everyone in Tanzania when I express our good wishes for the success of your work.

You have a great deal to do. Obviously, the first responsibility of the Preparatory Conference is to fix the place and date of the Summit Conference, and to make other procedural arrangements for such a meeting. Yet 1 do not believe that any Government would have sent such high-powered delegations to this gathering if that was all it had to do. Indeed, a meeting would not have been necessary just to fix a date and place; these things could have been arranged through diplomatic channels with a considerable saving of time and expense!

For the fact is that the Summit Conference will be the more successful the greater the amount of ground which has been cleared beforehand. If this Preparatory Conference can spell out areas of unanimous agreement, the later meeting will not have to spend time on…

Speech by the President Julius K. Nyerere to the National Assembly on Economy, 1965-1967

2008-12-01T11:04:00+00:00

Speech by the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, to the National Assembly: Monday, June 13th 1966 on Our Economy 1965-1967

This is the third year running in which I have addressed the National Assembly during its Budget session. In 1964 I introduced the Five-Year Development Plan for Tanganyika, and commended it for your attention. In 1965 I announced the forthcoming Dissolution of Parliament and, at the,same time, gave a brief survey of the nations' progress during the first months of the Development Plan.

This year I, shall be making no specific announcement about big changes,in policy but I am able to tell you that the draft Economic Development Plan for Zanzibar has now been received by the Zanzibar Government and the Union (government and is under consideration; It is also my intention today to give a general assessment of the advances we have made with the existing, Plan, and of the setbacks we' have experienced in certain fields. I have! chosen to do this now, despite the fact that we have hot yet…

Uamuzi wa Busara

2007-12-08T12:21:00+00:00

Yapo mambo fulani ambayo Kama yasingefanyika ni vigumu kujua historia ya nchi hij ingekuwaje leo hii. Mathalani, kama TANU ingekataa kushiriki katika Uchaguzi wa Kura tatu mwaka 1958, sijui tungekuwa wapi. Hali kadhalika kama Rais Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere asingeamua kuacria kazi ya ualimu, historia ya ncbi yetu huenda ingekuwa tofauti na ilivyo hivi sasa.

Kupitistiwa kwa Azimio la Arusha, Kuukubali Mwongozo wa Chama, na mengineyo mengi yaliyomo humu Kitabunl ni mkusanyiko ambao Ofisi Kuu imeuita ,uamuzj wa Busara.
Hivyo Kitabu hiki ni cha maana sana kwa historia ya nchi yetu kwani bila Uamuzi uliomo humo Kilabuni. historia yetu isingekuwa kamili.

Yaliyomo
1. Uamuzi Wa Mwalimu Nyerere Kuacha Kazi Ya Ualimu.
2. Tanu Katika Umoja Wa Mataifa (UNO).
3. Kujiuzulu Kwa Mwalimu Nyerere Katika Baraza La Kutunga Sheria.
4. Uamuzi Wa Tanu Kukubali Uchaguzi Wa Kura Tatu Katika Mkutano Mkuu Wa Tabora 1958.
5. Kujiuzulu Kwa Mwalimu Nyerere Katika Uwaziri Mkuu.
6. Kuundwa Kwa Utaratibu Wa…

After the Pearce Commission

2007-12-05T12:37:00+00:00

In considering the policies to be adopted after the publication of the Pearce Commission Report, it is vital to remember our objective in relation to Southern Rhodesia. That objective is now, as it has always been, the attainment of independence for Zimbabwe on the basis of majority rule, and under conditions which allow the development of human dignity for all citizens, and of equality between them all.

That is the goal for Tanzania, as for the people of Rhodesia themselves. Further, we would prefer and it is evident that they would prefer to attain this goal by peaceful means.

The prime responsibility in this struggle for self-determination for Zimbabwe rests with the people of that country. The role of Tanzania, as of other free African states, is to support the Zimbabwean people by whatever means are within our power, but never under any circumstances to try and control either their struggle or the decisions they make in relation to it. The question at issue is freedom for the people of Zimbabwe. It can only be won by them, and the shape It takes…

Beatification inquiry for Tanzania’s Nyerere

2006-01-30T10:16:00+00:00

The Diocese of Musoma, Tanzania, has opened a cause for the beatification of the country's former president, Julius Nyerere. A spokesman for the diocese says that the local investigation into Nyerere's life has authorization from the Vatican.

Nyerere, a devout Catholic who attended Mass daily throughout his public life and was known for fasting frequently, was a respected African leader for three decades. Already an influential figure in the British colony then known as Tanganyika, he became the country's first prime minister after independence in 1961, and was elected president the following year. He remained in that office until his retirement in 1985, and continued to chair the country's ruling party until withdrawing from political life in 1990. Nyerere died in London in 1999.

Although admired for his idealism and personal integrity, Nyerere left a mixed political legacy. He presided over a one-party state, with severe restraints on political opposition and persistent complaints of corruption among his subordinates. Having studied…

Julius Nyerere, Father of a Nation

2005-06-15T12:08:00+00:00

In his heyday as president of Tanzania - which he ruled from 1961 to 1985 - Julius Nyerere, who has died from leukaemia aged 77, was lion- ised by the liberal left of the world for his impassioned advocacy of his style of African socialism, but mauled by his critics as a priggish autocrat, whose idealism failed to deliver prosperity to his people. To his credit, Nyerere stepped down peacefully and voluntarily, long before it became fashionable for Africa's self-appointed life presidents to subject themselves to the verdict of their peoples in multi-party elections.

In 1967 came Nyerere's Arusha Declaration, his policy on socialism and self-reliance. Its cornerstone was ujamaa, or familyhood, which was imposed on Tanzania in the following years. The aim was to collect people into villages or communes, where they would have better access to education and medical services. Nearly 10m peasants were moved and a substantial majority were forced to give up their land. But to most Tanzanians, the idea of collective farming was abhorrent. Many found themselves…